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DOI: 10.4230/LIPIcs.AofA.2020.11
Asymptotics of Minimal Deterministic Finite Automata Recognizing a Finite Binary Language

Authors: Andrew Elvey Price, Wenjie Fang, and Michael Wallner

Published in: LIPIcs, Volume 159, 31st International Conference on Probabilistic, Combinatorial and Asymptotic Methods for the Analysis of Algorithms (AofA 2020)

Abstract
We show that the number of minimal deterministic finite automata with n+1 states recognizing a finite binary language grows asymptotically for n → ∞ like Θ(n! 8ⁿ e^{3 a₁ n^{1/3}} n^{7/8}), where a₁ ≈ -2.338 is the largest root of the Airy function. For this purpose, we use a new asymptotic enumeration method proposed by the same authors in a recent preprint (2019). We first derive a new two-parameter recurrence relation for the number of such automata up to a given size. Using this result, we prove by induction tight bounds that are sufficiently accurate for large n to determine the asymptotic form using adapted Netwon polygons.
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Andrew Elvey Price, Wenjie Fang, and Michael Wallner. Asymptotics of Minimal Deterministic Finite Automata Recognizing a Finite Binary Language. In 31st International Conference on Probabilistic, Combinatorial and Asymptotic Methods for the Analysis of Algorithms (AofA 2020). Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs), Volume 159, pp. 11:1-11:13, Schloss Dagstuhl – Leibniz-Zentrum für Informatik (2020)

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@InProceedings{elveyprice_et_al:LIPIcs.AofA.2020.11,
  author =	{Elvey Price, Andrew and Fang, Wenjie and Wallner, Michael},
  title =	{{Asymptotics of Minimal Deterministic Finite Automata Recognizing a Finite Binary Language}},
  booktitle =	{31st International Conference on Probabilistic, Combinatorial and Asymptotic Methods for the Analysis of Algorithms (AofA 2020)},
  pages =	{11:1--11:13},
  series =	{Leibniz International Proceedings in Informatics (LIPIcs)},
  ISBN =	{978-3-95977-147-4},
  ISSN =	{1868-8969},
  year =	{2020},
  volume =	{159},
  editor =	{Drmota, Michael and Heuberger, Clemens},
  publisher =	{Schloss Dagstuhl -- Leibniz-Zentrum f{\"u}r Informatik},
  address =	{Dagstuhl, Germany},
  URL =		{https://drops-dev.dagstuhl.de/entities/document/10.4230/LIPIcs.AofA.2020.11},
  URN =		{urn:nbn:de:0030-drops-120419},
  doi =		{10.4230/LIPIcs.AofA.2020.11},
  annote =	{Keywords: Airy function, asymptotics, directed acyclic graphs, Dyck paths, bijection, stretched exponential, compacted trees, minimal automata, finite languages}
}
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